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T-SQL Reference

SQL Server Transact-SQL language reference covering statements, queries, data types, operators, functions, hints, predicates, transactions, and language elements.

'"Applies to" references'
T-SQL Reference

Most code examples in the Transact-SQL reference were tested on servers that are running a

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@@PACK_RECEIVED
T-SQL Reference

table (trigger scope). For

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@@SERVERNAME
T-SQL Reference

Returns the name of the SQL Server instance the client is connected to.

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@@TIMETICKS
T-SQL Reference

Represents the number of 100-nanosecond intervals (ticks) for time-related calculations.

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= (Assignment Operator)
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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||= (Compound assignment)
T-SQL Reference

char varchar nchar nvarchar varchar(max) nvarchar(max) binary varbinary varbinary(max) varchar(max) nvarchar(max) varchar(max) nvarchar(max)

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A. Use SELECT to retrieve rows and columns
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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About Restore Scenarios
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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About working with SQL Server backups
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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ABS
T-SQL Reference

Input type Return type float real float decimal( p , s ) decimal(38, s ) int smallint tinyint...

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Additional considerations about BACKUP options
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Additional Considerations About RESTORE Options
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Additional remarks about creating indexes
T-SQL Reference

Under certain conditions, spatial indexes support a number of set-oriented geometry methods.

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Aggregate functions
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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AI functions
T-SQL Reference

2025 (17.x)

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ALTER AUTHORIZATION for databases
T-SQL Reference

The new owner principal must be one of the following:

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Analytic functions
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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and Analytics Platform System (PDW)
T-SQL Reference

When the database compatibility level is 110 or higher. See

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Angle conversion
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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APPLOCK_TEST
T-SQL Reference

' ' ' ' nvarchar(255) ' ' nvarchar(32) Shared Update IntentShared IntentExclusive Exclusive ' ' nvarchar(32) Transaction Session...

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Argument
T-SQL Reference

) value as the number of minutes (signed). This statement

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Arguments
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Arithmetic operators
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Assembly Validation
T-SQL Reference

If any dependent assemblies referenced by the root assembly aren't already in the database

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ASSEMBLYPROPERTY
T-SQL Reference

Returns information about assembly properties.

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Asymmetric encryption and decryption
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Available commands
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Azure SQL Database and SQL database in Fabric
T-SQL Reference

2025 (17.x)

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B. Multiple updates
T-SQL Reference

Here's the result set.

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Backward Compatibility for Down-level Clients
T-SQL Reference

Milliseconds can be preceded by either a colon (:) or a period (.).

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Basic PIVOT example
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Basic syntax example
T-SQL Reference

You can't change the compression setting of a single partition if the table has nonaligned

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Binary styles
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Bit manipulation functions
T-SQL Reference

2022 (16.x)

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Bitwise operators
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Boolean Data Type
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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boundaries
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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C. Four ranking functions used in the same query
T-SQL Reference

This example returns the top ten employees ranked by their salary.

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calculations
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Catalog view
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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CEILING
T-SQL Reference

Input type Return type float real float decimal( p , s ) decimal( p , 0) int smallint...

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CERTENCODED
T-SQL Reference

Returns the public portion of a certificate in binary format.

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Certificate copying
T-SQL Reference

VERIFYSIGNEDBYASYMKEY

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Change the seed value
T-SQL Reference

value.

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Change the size of a column
T-SQL Reference

or online index rebuild DDL operation currently being run without taking

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Changing the SQL Server Service Account
T-SQL Reference

Specifies the name of the new Windows service account.

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char and varchar
T-SQL Reference

T-SQL reference covering character varying.

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Character string constants
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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CHECK constraints
T-SQL Reference

Columns participating in a foreign key relationship must be defined with the same length

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Check objects in parallel
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Clause
T-SQL Reference

In the definition of a check constraint.

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Clustered indexes
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Code example conventions
T-SQL Reference

Schema name is omitted.

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Collation labels
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Collation rules
T-SQL Reference

Indicates that the value of an expression is the result of an operation between two strings

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Collation sensitive and collation insensitive
T-SQL Reference

Here's the result set.

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COLLATIONPROPERTY
T-SQL Reference

Returns information about a specified collation.

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Collection access
T-SQL Reference

Returns the start point of a geometry instance (for LineString types).

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CollectionAggregate (geometry Data Type)
T-SQL Reference

Returns a geometry instance from a collection of geometry types.

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columnstore
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Combining vector indexes with traditional indexes
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Compare COALESCE and ISNULL
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Compare GROUPING_ID() to GROUPING()
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Comparing sql_variant Values
T-SQL Reference

ODBC does not fully support

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Comparison of supported GROUP BY features
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Compatibility level 90 and above
T-SQL Reference

In the preceding code example, the final example has a mismatch between format

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Compatibility levels and database engine upgrades
T-SQL Reference

performance differences of your most important queries between two different compatibility

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Compatibility support
T-SQL Reference

RESTORE LOG can include a file list to allow for creation of files during rollforward.

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Complex PIVOT example
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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COMPRESS
T-SQL Reference

Gzip varbinary(max) binary( n ) char( n ) nchar( n ) nvarchar(max) nvarchar( n ) varbinary(max) varbinary( n...

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Computed columns
T-SQL Reference

columns that exceed the byte limit can be created if the existing

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Concurrency considerations for MERGE
T-SQL Reference

optimizer doesn't need to perform extra validation processing to locate and update

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Conditions for creating partitioned views
T-SQL Reference

When you design a partitioning scheme, it must be clear what data belongs to each partition.

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Conditions for modifying data in partitioned views
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Configuration functions
T-SQL Reference

T-SQL reference for Configuration functions syntax and usage.

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Considerations for replication
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Considerations When You Use the SET Statements
T-SQL Reference

SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL

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Constants and randomness
T-SQL Reference

Converts radians to degrees.

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Context switching
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Control-of-Flow
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Convert binary and varbinary data
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Convert character data
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Convert date and time data
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Convert decimal and numeric data
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Convert money data
T-SQL Reference

You don't need to enclose currency or monetary data in single quotation marks (

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Converting Date and Time Data
T-SQL Reference

When you convert to date and time data types, SQL Server rejects all values it cannot recognize

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Converting float and real data
T-SQL Reference

- 3.40E + 38 to -1.18E - 38, 0 and 1.18E - 38 to 3.40E + 38

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Countersignatures
T-SQL Reference

When you execute a signed module, the signatures are temporarily added to the SQL token,

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CREATE CREDENTIAL
T-SQL Reference

Creates a server-level credential for authentication to external resources.

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CREATE EXTERNAL FILE FORMAT (Transact-
T-SQL Reference

2016 (13.x) and later versions

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CREATE INDEX
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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CREATE USER
T-SQL Reference

T-SQL reference for CREATE USER syntax and usage.

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cursor
T-SQL Reference

T-SQL reference covering sp_describe_cursor.

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Cursor Functions
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Cursors
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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D. Create tables with SELECT INTO
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Data Manipulation Language
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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Data model metadata (types and columns)
T-SQL Reference

Returns the ID for a schema-scoped object.

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database
T-SQL Reference

command isn't supported for the statistics object on a

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database in Fabric
T-SQL Reference

No description available.

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